Language Communication, and the use of Symbols in Normal and Autistic Children

Subject: 🧘🏻 Mental Health
Type: Expository Essay
Pages: 2
Word count: 677
Topics: 🟡 Autism, Communication
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The article, “Language Communication, and the Use of Symbols in Normal and Autistic Children,” was authored by Ricks and Wing in the year 1975. It was published in the year 1975 in the fifth issue, within the pages 191 to 222 of the “Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia.” The contents of the article seek to evaluate the development of autistic children through a view in the smaller spectrum of language. Remarkably, the authors, through the study of both normal and autistic children, distinguish the differences in their development.

As mentioned afore, the article is a comprehensive study of the development of both normal and autistic children. It reveals that the two groups of children differ in their strengths as well as their weaknesses. While autistic children favor learning through symbols, normal children preferred the means of language, symbols excluded (Ricks and Wing, 1975). Indeed, this was the primary concern through which other information was brought to the attention of the reader. One such realization was the effects the environmental factors had in the development of either child (Ricks and Wing, 1975). More analysis was made of the autistic beings, and the normal group was merely a control in the study. In so doing, a comparison was made and essential differences noted between them. Notably, the article brought to light crucial aspects of development in the influence of autism condition.

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Considerably, the article being in such an acknowledgeable journal, it unquestionably meets the standards of a peer-reviewed material. Always, publications appearing in psychology and health journals are scrutinized by a group of experts in the field of concern, and thus, acceptable sources of reference. Moreover, the address made on the topic is necessary considering the attention, it has received in the past few years. Apart from the educative nature, the article is also an eye-opener. In consideration of the feature of co-authoring, which is essential in the development of an accurate study, the piece has met its need. Therefore, it is a suitable material for analysis of the psychological concern.

Research Question

Considering physical, social, and psychological factors, which ones contribute to the slow rate of development under the condition of autism disorder?

The above research question is essential in understanding the development of people with autism disorder. The consideration is given to all the paradigms involved in understanding the condition. The first aspect that needs to be looked into is the physical aspect, which in entirety concerns the autistic child. For instance, it has been discovered that people with spectrum disorder are not wired to quite fit in among other members of the society. By studying the cause of this behavior, an understanding of their development is enabled. Further is the concern with social factors, which concerns the community in which these children are based. Several studies have determined that the societal attitudes towards these children affect their growth in one way or another. Therefore, it is essential that this factor is looked into in details. While psychological concern is often considered a bit out of order in the life of an autistic child, it is essential in carrying out a study of the children with autism. Consequently, all the three factors are necessary for unraveling the course of development in autistic children.

Notably, the answers generated from the research question above are useful in fully understanding the case of concern. Through an in-depth analysis of each one of them, a conclusion is derived. A combination of all the final discoveries leads to the realization of comprehensive coverage of the development of children with autism disorder. Moreover, the answers to the above questions are essential in devising a regime for the right upbringing of children with autism disorder. Therefore, the research question satisfies the complexity of the article and also serves to bring to the attention of readers the clear picture of development in autistic person, through which the best approach in dealing with autism disorder is derived.

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  1. Baron-Cohen, S. (1989). The Autistic Child’s Theory of Mind: a Case of Specific Developmental Delay. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30(2), 285-297. https://doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x
  2. Baron-Cohen, S., Jolliffe, T., Mortimore, C., & Robertson, M. (1997). Another Advanced Test of Theory of Mind: Evidence from Very High Functioning Adults with Autism or Asperger Syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38(7), 813-822. https://doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01599.x
  3. Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind” ? Cognition, 21(1), 37-46. https://doi:10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8
  4. Burnside, K., Wright, K., & Poulin-Dubois, D. (2017). Social motivation and implicit theory of mind in children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 10(11), 1834-1844. https://doi:10.1002/aur.1836
  5. Chouinard, B., & Cummine, J. (2016). All the world’s a stage: Evaluation of two stages of metaphor comprehension in people with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 23, 107-121. https://doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2015.12.008
  6. Happé, F. G. (1993). Communicative competence and theory of mind in autism: A test of relevance theory. Cognition, 48(2), 101-119. https://doi:10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-r
  7. Leslie, A. M., & Thaiss, L. (1992). Domain specificity in conceptual development: Neuropsychological evidence from autism. Cognition, 43(3), 225-251. https://doi:10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8
  8. Ricks, D. M., & Wing, L. (1975). Language, communication, and the use of symbols in normal and autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 5(3), 191-221. https://doi:10.1007/bf01538152
  9. Rutter, M. (1970). Autistic children: Infancy to adulthood. Seminars in Psychiatry, 2, 435- 450.
  10. Rutter, M. (1978). Diagnosis and Definition. Autism, 1-25. https://doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-0787-7_1
  11. Whyte, E. M., & Nelson, K. E. (2015). Trajectories of pragmatic and nonliteral language development in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Communication Disorders, 54, 2-14. https://doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2015.01.001
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