Smallpox as Biological Weapon
Subject: | ⚗️ Science |
Type: | Expository Essay |
Pages: | 9 |
Word count: | 1952 |
Topics: | 🤖 Biotechnology, Disease, Health, Terrorism, Vaccine, 🦠 Biology |
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Sources
- Aiga, H., Kuroiwa, C., Takizawa, I., & Yamagata, R. (2008). The reality of health information systems: Challenges for standardization, Biosci Trends, 2(1): 5-9.
- Ajayi, T. (2006). Smallpox and bioterrorism.
- Aken, J., & Hammond, E. (2003). Genetic engineering and biological weapons. EMBO, 4 (1), 57-60.
- Albert, M., Ostheimer, K., Breman, J. (2001). The last smallpox epidemic in Boston and the vaccination controversy, 1901-1903. The New England Journal of Medicine, 344(1): 375-379.
- Bennet, M., Gaskell, J., Baxby, D., Gaskell, M., Kelly, F., & Naidoo, J. (1990). Feline cowpox virus infection: A review. J Small Anim Pract., 14(2):167-173.
- Bratton, L. (1988). The identity of the New England Indian epidemic of 1616–1619,” Bull Hist Med. 62(1): 351-83.
- Dudley, J., & Woodford, M. (2013). Bioweapons, biodiversity, and ecocide: Potential effects of biological weapons on biological diversity. Oxford Journal of Bioscience, 52 (7): 583-592.
- Fenn, E. (2010). Biological warfare in eighteenth-century North America: Beyond Jeffery Amherst. Journal of American History, 86 (4): 1552–1580.
- Harris, F. (1915). Edward Jenner and vaccination. Scientific Monthly, 1(1): 66-85.
- Henderson, D., Inglesby, T., Bartlett, J., Ascher, M., Eitzen, E., Jahrling, P., et al. (1999). Smallpox as biological weapon. JAMA , 281, 2127-2137.
- Hopkins, R. (2002). The greatest killer: Smallpox in history. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Inglesby, T., Henderson, D., & Bartlett et al., J. (1999). Smallpox as a biological weapon: Medical and public health management. Journal of the American Medical Association , 281 (22), 2127-2137.
- Koplow, David. 2009. Smallpox: The fight to eradicate a global scourge, Berkeley: University of California Press. Print.
- Leitenberg M. (2000). An assessment of the threat of the use of biological weapons or biological agents. Pgs. 37–42 in Martinelli M, ed. Biosecurity and Bioterrorism. Como (Italy): Landau Network Centro Volta.
- Lombard, M., Pastoret, P, & Moulin, M. (2007). A brief history of vaccines and vaccination. Rev. Off. Int. Epizoot. 26(1): 29-48.
- Lvey-Bruhl, D., & Guerin, N. (2001). The use of smallpox virus as a biological weapon: the vaccination situation in France. Euro Surveillance, 6 (11): 171-178.
- Marr, J., & Cathey, J. (2010). New hypothesis for cause of epidemic among Native Americans, New England, 1616–1619. Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 16(2): 281–286.
- Prentice, T. (2006). Smallpox, bioterrorism, and WHO.
- Riedel, S. (2005). Smallpox and biological warfare: A disease revisited. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)., 18 (1), 13-20.
- Rosengard A.M., Liu Y., Nie Z. & Jimenez R. (2002). Variola virus immune evasion design: expression of a highly efficient inhibitor of human complement. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 8808–8813.
- Rugy, V. d., & Peña, C. V. (2002). Responding to the threat of smallpox bioterrorism: An ounce of prevention is best. Policy Analysis, 1, 1-16.
- World Health Organization. (1980). The eradication of smallpox: Final report of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Geneva, December 1979. Geneva: World Health Organization. p. 16
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