Article based essay answer

Q1

Zewei uses the idea of Confucianism in china to comprehend the collision and integration of modern international policies with Confucianism. Zewei’s entire article gives light to the differences that exist between the Confucianism in China and those of other European states.  The author introduces the article by giving a robust narration in early 19^th century. For instance, Zewei narrates that after the Opium Wars, international policies dwelt on the harsh conflict with the Chinese cultural Confucianism to give clear significant ideas of the article (Zewei, 2011).

Zewei divides this article in four sections with each having a particular focus. The initial section introduces the Chinese Confucianism and is grounded on the Tributary System and Chinese Celestial Empire. The following section discuses the conflict between modern international policies and the Chinese Conventional Confucianism that affected international trade, international relation, and the treaty era (Zewei, 2011). Segment three of the article exploits on the integration of the Confucianism and the modern international polices addressing unequal treaty regime. Zewei concludes the article with a concession between Confucianism and modern international policies that aided China in the quest for modernism.

Q2

Steinberg in the article examines the impact of Non- Government Organization on the foreign and security laws of Israel and again in the political divergence. NGOs influence in certain issues is linked to humanitarian aid or the environmental related factors. The author posits that Israel policy has been on the forefront of the grounded NGO soft-power control going by Durban Non-governmental assembly in 2001 via the United Nations Goldstone organization on the Gazar conflict (Steinberg 2011).

Reportedly, Non- Governmental organizations are highly significant in Israel in a number of fields ranging from environmental issues to human aids. NGOs again have high political influence most especially concerning the legal matters and other issues pertaining to the interest of the public. The soft power of NGOs has further been boosted by the advancement in technology and internet (Steinberg, 2011). NGOs point to a number of resolutions and report various aspects in Israel. Thus, the author discusses all possible influences that NGOs has in Israel and reports that the country need to establish some strategies to limit the influence of NGOs.

Q3

In the article Cragg, Anorld and Muchlinski highlights human rights in business since the ethical, social and political aspects largely affect the business with greater prominence on the laws. The notion of human rights has been on the center stage of discussion and inquiry because of the renaissance and a number of accounts before. Globalization gave a greater concern for the ability and willingness of the state governments to look into the plights of their human rights (Cragg, Arnold, and Muchlinski 2012). Nevertheless, the real catalyst of need to make the company and human freedom an international topic was the subjective implementation of Ken Saro- Wiwa and other Ognis initiated by the Nigerian state in 1995. It was after this event that big multinational organizations and industry welfare supported by the government pushed exhortations from non- governmental organizations to air the interests of the international business in accounting for the human rights and mistreatments (Cragg, Arnold, and Muchlinski 2012). An earlier indication that there was a sign of noteworthy change in bringing the topic of business and human rights into international light happened in 1998 after the United Nations Sub-Commission for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights began allotment of human rights duties between the governmental  and non- governmental sectors.

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Similarly, a report done on Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational and Other Business Enterprises concerning human rights proposed bringing together various business entities in the light of various humanitarian laws, thus leading to a drastic shift from the prevailing state of human affairs while promoting human rights.

John Rugie’s work and recommendation has equally played a significant role in ensuring that the topic of business and human rights become international agenda after several decades. In his report, he proposes that business organizations and governments have unswerving human rights responsibilities. Ruggie’s contribution in the concerns of the business and human rights has provided the organizations with a persuasive need to practice responsibility and respect for the human rights (Cragg, Arnold, and Muchlinski 2012). The authors summarize focusing on the ideas of the existing laws and the strategies set forward several organizations to uphold the plights of the human rights in the business.